Engineering Explained

Google yesterday announced its own design for self-driving cars, which will drive people around without a steering wheel or pedals. It's the latest projec t from Google X, the company's skunkworks group headed by Google co-founder Sergey Brin. TWO PEOPLE, NO DRIVERS : The company has already shown off its own self-driving technology, which retrofits existing vehicles made by Toyota and Lexus. However this new version, which was announced by Brin at the Recode conference, is a new design that fits two people, and is driven entirely by computer using a variety of on-board computers and sensors.

SMART BULB HELPS YOU TO SLEEP AND AWAKE ON TIME Waking up in the morning is hard. But the problem is now no more with the discovery of new kind of smart led bulb which will help you to sleep and awake on schedule.  Melatonin hormone in the body which make us feel sleepy and awake. When we awake in the morning with fresh mood its level in the body is low but with our whole day busy schedule  or also due to sunlight  its level increses and at night it make us to feel sleepy . You program your desired sleep schedule in the app, which syncs up with the specially designed digital LED light bulb. When it’s time to ramp up for your next shift, the bulb will emit more light in the blue spectrum, which shuts down melatonin production, helping you to feel awake. But when it’s time to crash, the blue light is no more, allowing melatonin levels to switch on and you to drift off. At this point the company produces a pro-wake bulb and a pro-sleep version. The Rhythm Dow...

SHOCK ABSORBERS OF CARBON NANO TUBE EXCEL AT DAMPENING VIBRATIONS The new class of nanostructured material has been developed by   a team of scientists at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute which will used to reduce the vibrations in mechanical and electrical equipments. The Rensselaer research team, led by Koratkar, added carbon nanotube fillers to traditional vibration reduction materials to enhance their energy dissipation capability. Adding large quantities of nanoscale fillers increases the amount of surface area, and thereby increases frictional sliding that occurs at the filler-to-filler interface. The result is a decrease in vibrations.

Diesel cycle The diesel cycle is a compression ignition (rather than spark ignition) engine. Fuel is sprayed into the cylinder at P2 (high pressure) when the compression is complete, and there is ignition without a spark. 1. Isentropic compression (1 à 2). 2. Reversible constant pressure heating (2 à 3). 3. Isentropic expansion (3 à 4). 4. Reversible constant volume cooling (4 à 1). ‘ This cycle can operate with a higher compression ratio than the Otto cycle because only air is compressed and there is no risk of auto-ignition of the fuel. Although for a given compression ration the Otto cycle has higher efficiency, because the diesel engine can be operated to higher ratio, the engine can actually have higher efficiency than the Otto cycle when both are operated at compression ratios that might be achieved in practice

OTTO CYCLE The Otto cycle is a set of processes used by spark ignition internal combustion engines (2-stroke or 4-stroke cycles). These engines a) ingest a mixture of fuel and air, b) compress it, c) cause it to react, thus effectively adding heat through converting chemical energy into thermal energy, d) expand the combustion products, and then e) eject the combustion products and replace them with a new charge of fuel and air. The different processes are shown in Figure 1. Intake stroke, gasoline vapor and air drawn into engine (5 à 1). 2. Compression stroke, p, T increase (1 à 2). 3. Combustion (spark), short time, essentially constant volume (2 à 3). Model: heat absorbed from a series of reservoirs at temperatures T2 to T3. 4. Power stroke: valve opens, gas escapes. 5. Valve exhaust: valve opens, gas escapes. 6. (4 à 1) model: rejection of heat to reservoirs at temperatures T4 and T1. 7. Exhaust stroke, piston pushes remaining products out of chamber (1 à 5...

How the braking system works in  Basics Dual-circuit braking system A typical dual-circuit braking system in which each circuit acts on both front wheels and one-rear wheel.... How the charging system works in  Basics An alternator Inside an alternator the belt-driven rotor becomes an electromagnet when current is fed to it. As the rotor... How the starting system works in  Basics Inertia system An inertia type starter: this one is an 'inboard' type in which the Bendix gear throws the pinion... How an engine cooling system works in  Basics How the coolant circulates A typical water-cooling system with an engine-driven fan: note the bypass hose taking off hot coolant... How car heating and ventilation systems work in  Basics A typical car heating system A modern car has a ventilation system that provides a constant through-flow of fresh air,... The engine in  Basics Different engine layou...

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